While the Western Front remained quiet in April 1940, the fighting between the Allies and the Germans began in earnest with the Norwegian Campaign when the Germans launched Operation Weserbung, the German invasion of Denmark and Norway. At the end of the war, many Ustae and Slovene collaborators were killed in or as a result of the Yugoslav death march of Nazi collaborators. An estimated total of 7085 million people perished, or about 3% of the 2.3 billion (est.) Elements of the US 3rd Infantry Division were the first Allied troops to arrive at Berchtesgaden, which they secured, while the French 2nd Armoured Division seized the Berghof (Hitler's Alpine residence) on 4 May 1945. Germans played for time in Reims. 2,055,575 German soldiers surrendered between D-Day and 16 April 1945, The Times, 19 April p 4; 755,573 German soldiers surrendered between 1 and 16 April, The Times, 18 April p 4, which means that 1,300,002 German soldiers surrendered to the Western Allies between D-Day and the end of March 1945. Initial successes in bad weather, which gave them cover from the Allied air forces, resulted in a German penetration of over 80km (50mi) to within less than 16km (10mi) of the Meuse. The Germans in France were now faced by three powerful Allied army groups: in the north the British 21st Army Group commanded by Field Marshal Sir Bernard Montgomery, in the center the American 12th Army Group, commanded by General Omar Bradley and to the south the US 6th Army Group commanded by Lieutenant General Jacob L. Devers. [9] The People's Republic of China puts its war dead at 20 million,[10] while the Japanese government puts its casualties due to the war at 3.1 million.[11]. Keitel is defiant at Berlin ritual. Werner Gruhl, Imperial Japan's World War Two, 19311945, Transaction 2007; Japan Statistical Year-Book, 1949 [etc.]. There were additional casualties in 193940, which totaled 136,945: There were 4,500 military deaths with the all Spanish. e The Eastern Front of World War II was a theatre of conflict between the European Axis powers against the Soviet Union (USSR), Poland and other Allies, which encompassed Central Europe, Eastern Europe, Northeast Europe ( Baltics ), and Southeast Europe ( Balkans) from 22 June 1941 to 9 May 1945. Military deaths 6,750 which included 3,900 regular Army, 2,600 Navy forces, and 250 POW in Germany. Presse-und Informationsamt. On 6 June 1944, the Allies began Operation Overlord (also known as "D-Day") the long-awaited liberation of France. pedagog. 83,307 dead; 57,258 missing and 118,127 wounded. However, it lay at the end of the long Scheldt Estuary, and so it could not be used until its approaches were clear of heavily fortified German positions. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1959. (the figures of 2.8 million Jews and 3.2 million Poles are based on language spoken, not religion), Nrnberg Document No. German scholar Hellmuth Auerbach puts the death toll in the Hitler era at 6million Jews killed in the Holocaust and 7million other victims of the Nazis. Albanian official statistics claim somewhat higher losses. According to Erlikman, in addition to the war dead, there were 1,700,000 deaths due to Soviet repression (200,000 executed; 4,500,000 sent to prisons and Gulag of whom 1,200,000 died; 2,200,000 deported of whom 300,000 died). French losses were 92,000 KIA, 39,600 MIA and over 250,000 WIA. Second phase: July-September 1916 [12] The authors of the Oxford Companion to World War II maintain that "casualty statistics are notoriously unreliable". [147], List of human losses by participating country, Non-Jews persecuted and killed by Nazi and Nazi-affiliated forces, Michael Ellman and S. Maksudov, Soviet Deaths in the Great Patriotic War: a note World War II . The next few months in the war were marked by the Phoney War. A joint CzechGerman Historical Commission determined that between 15,000 and 30,000 Germans perished in the expulsions. The German economist. The local, According to an official U.S. report during the. There were 3,000 civilian deaths in Allied air raids including 1,400 in the bombing of Sofia. Andaman & Nicobar Islands: 900, 1,500, (2,400) This is from a total of 3,268,877 casualties recorded by the army across all fronts during that period. pedagog. which are attributed to an increase in natural deaths from 1940 to 1945 and 1,650 foreign nationals killed while serving in the Liudskie poteri SSSR v period vtoroi mirovoi voiny: sbornik statei. 3133. By 1940, 48,773 were purged - 90 percent of its generals, 80 percent of its colonels, and half of its core commanders - leaving the army with unskilled officers, few trained leaders, and poor morale. 73538. Archivalien und ausgewhlte Erlebnisberichte.. Bonn: Kulturstiftung der deutschen Vertriebenen. 1- The summary report of September 30, 1945 put total casualties for the entire period of the war at 305,000 killed and 780,000 wounded. These figures included the losses of Newfoundland and Southern Rhodesia. Military deaths from all causes totaled 21-25 million, including deaths in captivity of about 5 million prisoners of war. They maintain that figures related to flight and expulsion have been manipulated by the German government due to political pressure. Civilian deaths totaled 5055million. Polska 19391945. The French Ministry of Defense puts French military war dead at 200,000. Schramm put the total at 4,188,057. Germany (West). Soviet sources list the deaths of 403 of the 2,377 Finnish. [nb 12] World War II military engagements in Southern Europe and elsewhere are generally considered as separate theatres. Percy Schramm Kriegstagebuch des Oberkommandos der Wehrmacht: 1940 1945: 8 Bde. [264], Russian sources list Axis prisoner of war deaths of 580,589 in Soviet captivity based on data in the Soviet archives (Germany 381,067; Hungary 54,755; Romania 54,612; Italy 27,683; Finland 403, and Japan 62,069). The bulk of the Allied armies were occupied in the Mediterranean, seeking to clear the sea lanes to the Indian Ocean and capture the Foggia Airfield Complex. Vadim Erlikman, a Russian historian, estimates losses of Africans in the, 752 civilians were killed during the U.S. air attacks on. Army World War 2's Eastern Front From Stalingrad To Berlin In 48 Photos How The Eastern Front Decided World War II Published August 11, 2019 Updated August 20, 2019 The Nazis suffered 80 percent of their casualties on World War II's Eastern Front, the deadliest theater in the history of war. Civilian deaths totaled 50-55 million. 1-Summary Report (July 1946) Total civilian casualties in Japan, as a result of 9 months of air attack, including those from the atomic bombs, were approximately 806,000. [7][8] The Red Army claimed responsibility for the majority of Wehrmacht casualties during World War II. A total of 2,419 American civilian internees were listed as dead and missing. Military deaths from all causes totaled 2125million, including deaths in captivity of about 5million prisoners of war. The Netherlands War Graves Foundation maintains a registry of the names of Dutch war dead. Battle deaths (including POWs who died in captivity, does not include those who died of disease and accidents). [258], The following is a summary of the data from the Soviet archives: It is said that the Russians could have won the Second World War without any support from the US or Commonwealth forces, above all because of their large quantity of produced T-34 tanks. Routledge. The commission found that the demographic estimates by the German government of 220,000 to 270,000 civilian deaths due to expulsions from Czechoslovakia were based on faulty data. 1939 German Soldiers Help Thresh Wheat On France'S Western Front Ww2 Photo 7X9 . pedagog. : (Human Losses of the USSR during the Second World War: a collection of articles). The breakout by service is as follows: Army 234,874. Bericht des Bundesarchivs vom 28. Liudskie poteri v Velikoi Otechestvennoi voine 19411945 gg: Statisticheskoe issledovanie (Human Losses in the Great Patriotic War 19411945 A Statistical Investigation). 33 Swedish sailors were killed when submarine HMS Ulven was sunk by a German mine on April 16, 1943. Germany (West). 2: 1978 (3,000,000), Encyclopdia Britannica 1992 (2,384,000), The Expulsion of "German" Communities from Eastern Europe at the end of the Second World War, Steffen Prauser and Arfon Rees, European University Institute, Florence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1937-1940 - Red Army purges . [261] Saint-Petersburg, 1995; (Russian Academy of Sciences). Following two months of slow fighting in hedgerow country, Operation Cobra allowed the Americans to break out at the western end of the lodgement. Eng. [473], 2-United States Strategic Bombing Survey, Medical Division (1947) The bombing of Japan killed 333,000 civilians and injured 473,000. Navy total 414,879 killed and 14,155 wounded and missing. The offensive ended with Arnhem remaining in German hands and the Allies holding an extended salient from the Belgian border to the area between Nijmegen and Arnhem. "Hvor mange drbte danskere?". These were built in anticipation of an Allied invasion of France. It's all about the recipe. [180] The low, high and average percentage figures for deaths of the pre-war population have been added. The non-belligerent United States contributed to the Western Allies by discounted sales of military equipment and supplies. In early 1918 Imperial Germany knew it finally had a chance to win against the Allies. When scholarly sources differ on the number of deaths in a country, a range of war losses is given, in order to inform readers that the death toll is disputed. ), The British colony of Malaya consisted of the. UK casualties include losses of the colonial forces. Missing and presumed dead(including POWs) were 131,419 (111,579 pre-armistice, 19,840 post armistice)[446] Some 40,000 Roma were murdered. A Japanese academic study published in 1979 by The Committee for the Compilation of Materials on Damage Caused by the Atomic Bombs in Hiroshima and Nagasaki puts the total dead in the atomic attacks at 140,000 ( 10,000) in Hiroshima and 70,000 ( 10,000) in Nagasaki. Combat Dead by Theater of war: EuropeAtlantic 183,588 (Army ground forces 141,088, Army Air Forces 36,461, and Navy/Coast Guard 6,039); AsiaPacific 108,504 (Army ground forces 41,592, Army Air Forces 15,694, Navy/Coast Guard 31,485, Marine Corps 19,733); unidentified theaters 39 (Army). Fighting on the Western front seemed to stabilize, and the Allied advance stalled in front of the Siegfried Line (Westwall) and the southern reaches of the Rhine. Aufl. Total killed were 93,326 (72,291 with Axis and 21,035 with Allies). Starting in early September, the Americans began slow and bloody fighting through the Hurtgen Forest ("Passchendaele with tree bursts"Hemingway) to breach the Line. Mark Axworthy. Mai 1974. C. Deliberate acts of reprisal against target populations were perpetrated by all combatants. Soon after, the Allies were racing across France. 1992-6, Stephane Courtois, The Black Book of Communism: Crimes, Terror, Repression, Harvard Univ Pr, 1999. Andreev, E.M.; Darski, L.E. 55, No. While the Nazi Party's own SS forces (in particular the SS-Totenkopfverbnde, Einsatzgruppen and Waffen-SS) of Nazi Germany was the organization most responsible for the genocidal killing of the Holocaust, the regular armed forces represented by the Wehrmacht committed war crimes of their own, particularly on the Eastern Front in the war against the Soviet Union. Stara Gradika was a sub-camp of Jasenovac established for women and children. Really, it is! Totally barbarism prevailed. 3-Included in these statistics are 322,807 POWs held by the US and UK. French Indochina 2,803 killed and 6,000 wounded. A Russian historian in a handbook of human losses in the 20th century has provided the following assessment of Czechoslovak casualties: The Danish Ministry of Education has detailed Denmark's losses in the war of about 8,000 persons including 2,685 killed in Denmark in bombing raids, resistance fighters and those executed by the Germans and 3,000 who died outside Denmark including (2,000 merchant seamen, 63 serving with Allied forces, 600 in German camps, 400 workers in Germany). "For Austria the consequences of the Nazi regime and the Second World War were disastrous: During this period 2,700 Austrians had been executed and more than 16,000 citizens murdered in the concentration camps. But Nazi Germany's military position had been hopeless ever since she had failed to drive the Allied forces into the sea on D-Day. On 7 May at his headquarters in Rheims, Eisenhower took the unconditional surrender of all German forces to the western Allies and the Soviet Union,[44] from the German Chief-of-Staff, General Alfred Jodl, who signed the first general instrument of surrender at 0241 hours. 105657, Table 607. The official casualty statistics published by the governments of the United States, France, and the UK do not give the details of the national origin, race and religion of the losses. 19401959 [The Population of Russia in the 20thcentury: volume2], May Rocznik Statystyczny Polski 19391941, Since the Czech Republic as political entity exists only since 1969/1993, this political name stands for Czech part (. Werner Gruhl, Imperial Japan's World War Two, 19311945 Transaction 2007, Ho Ping-ti. Ingo Haar, "Straty zwiazane z wypedzeniami: stan bada, problemy, perspektywy", Die Flucht der deutschen Bevlkerung 1944/45, "Does Germany owe Greece wartime reparations money? [248][249] Robert Conquest and Steven Rosefielde have disputed the accuracy of the data from the Soviet archives, maintaining that the demographic data and testimonials by survivors of the Gulag labor camps indicate a higher death toll. The culmination of Allied counter-attacks restored the front line to the area of the German border and collapsed the Colmar Pocket. vs. U.K. and Netherlands 208,026 killed and 139,225 wounded. , Stephane Courtois, the Black Book of Communism: Crimes, Terror, Repression, Harvard Univ,! And 21,035 with Allies ) 19411945 gg: Statisticheskoe issledovanie ( Human losses in the Great War... A registry of the names of Dutch War dead at 200,000 liberation of France, Nrnberg Document No,. Are 322,807 POWs held by the German border and collapsed the Colmar.... 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