In the last 5 years, the numbers of children prosecuted for indictable offences has fallen for all ethnic groups, however, the proportion of children from Black, Mixed and Chinese or Other ethnic groups has increased collectively from 33% in 2016 to 39% in 2020. Crime lower work tends to be relatively high volume, lower cost units of criminal legal aid work. In this chapter, those conducted under section 1 of the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 (PACE) and section 60 of the Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994 have been combined[footnote 22]. Cases where ethnicity was not known have not been included in this commentary. We use some essential cookies to make this website work. Stop and search is an important detection tool for the police it allows officers to search individuals without an arrest taking place[footnote 27]. Educational attainment of those sentenced to custody was lower than the attainment of all young offenders. , Ethnicity is self-identified, and coverage has decreased from 93% in 2016/17 to 86% in 2020/21. , Includes City of London and Metropolitan Police forces. You can change your cookie settings at any time. There were statistically significant decreases in the number of victims for personal crimes since 2015/16 in the Black (from 7% to 4%) and Asian (from 4% to 2%) ethnic groups. A significantly higher proportion of Black offenders with SEN, without statement, received a 12-month sentence or less (71%), compared to White offenders (60%). 735 754-19 947-212. In the 2020/21 HM Inspectorate of Prisons survey, prisoners from ethnic minority groups reported more negative results across the survey. The greatest disparity appears at the point of stop and search, custodial remands and prison population. , More information of ethnic group classifications can be found in Appendix I, Officer identified ethnicity can refer to ethnicity recorded by any third party, such as a police officer, clerk or a member of the data entry team. When defendants appear in court, they have the right to either speak for themselves, or to be represented and to have someone with legal expertise speak on their behalf. , This figure includes 96 victims of Hillsborough and four victims of the Westminster Bridge attack in the year ending 2017, and 31 victims of the terrorist attacks that involved multiple victims, including the Manchester Arena bombing, and the London Bridge attack recorded in the year ending 2018. , Detailed results of the survey can be found in table 6.06 in the tables document published alongside this report. Unfortunately, we do not hold police recorded crime figures on robbery or offences involving a knife or sharp instrument, by ethnic group. , In 2018/19 Lancashire, Warwickshire and West Mercia stated that new IT systems and/or processes had led to changes in recording of detentions under section 136 of the Mental Health Act. The proportions across ethnic groups have remained relatively stable in the past 5 years. This section looks at the proportion of determinate[footnote 50] sentence served[footnote 51]. In the 2011 Census the proportion in each ethnic group was as follows: 87% White, 3% Black, 6% Asian, 2% Mixed and 2% Chinese or Other. Arrests for children have been declining at a faster rate than arrests for adults, down 33% and 20% respectively since 2016/17. The most common sentencing outcome across all ethnic groups for sexual offences was immediate custody. The proportion of White, Black and Asian offenders that received an oral parole hearing in the year ending March 2021 remained relatively stable with a range of 54-57% receiving a release result, 11-12% remain in open prison estate, and 30-35% refusal of release. Similarly, prisoners of Mixed ethnic groups made up 12% of all prisoners under 18, yet only accounting for 5% of the entire prison population. Stop and search rate per 1,000 people, and number of stop and search incidents, by ethnicity. Where young offenders were received a custodial sentence of more than 12 months, Black and Asian children had a higher proportion of SEN, without statement, at 72% and 74% respectively, compared to White children, at 59%. he highest proportion for Class B drugs (28% in 2020). Limitations of Current Statistical Information The police in all States and Terri-tories are a major source of crime statistics, but these statistics refer only to crimes reported to and/or detected by police. If we look at the FBI statistics for violent crimes we can see that whites committed 241,063 of the 408,873 violent crimes, which is 58% of the total. Across the past 5 years, possession of a Class B drug (cannabis) was consistently the most common drug offence for all ethnic groups, accounting for 31% of all drug offences in 2020. The proportion of offender reoffending by age was highest for those aged 18 to 20 for Black, Asian and Other offenders. The Authority considers whether the statistics meet the highest standards of Code compliance, including the value they add to public decisions and debate. The identification of differences should not be taken as evidence of bias or as direct effects of ethnicity. Black suspects had the highest proportion of stop and searches for offensive weapons (including firearms) at 19%, compared to 10 to 15% for all other ethnic groups[footnote 26]. These statistics have highlighted differences in rates of crime between racial groups, and some commentators have suggested . Among minority ethnic groups, Black individuals were often the most over-represented. The processes by which other revisions will be communicated and published. However, for White suspects, the proportion of arrests for drug offences (10%), was exceeded by the proportion of arrests for theft offences (14%). It is not possible to make any causal links between ethnicity and CJS outcomes. This is a key statistics relevant to the A-level Sociology crime and deviance module. We also use cookies set by other sites to help us deliver content from their services. From 2016 to 2019, the guilty plea rate remained relatively stable at between 88% and 89%. , Chinese or other combines the following categories from the published criminal history pivot table for 2020 Q4; Chinese or Japanese or S E Asian, and Middle Eastern. But, initially, a central strand in this debate concerned whether street gangs actually existed at all. See figure 5.04 for all sentencing outcomes. Racial discrimination in America has a significant implication on crime in the region. Her Majestys Inspectorate of Prisons for England & Wales (HMI Prisons) aims to ensure independent inspection of places of detention, report on conditions and treatment, and promote positive outcomes for those detained and the public. As outlined in the defendants chapter, drug offences accounted for the highest proportion of convictions within each ethnic group except for White offenders. Arrest rate in England and Wales 2006-2022, by ethnicity. , Ethnicity was known for 99.29% of prisoners in England and Wales on 30th June 2020. A higher proportion of White offenders had a long history of offending, 35% of White offenders had 15 or more previous convictions or cautions, compared to Black offenders at 26%, Asian offenders at 16% and Chinese or Other at 9%, for adults [footnote 67]. The difference in ACSL can be attributed to a range of factors, including the varying offence mix across ethnic groups (see figure 8.01). Of these, 79% were White, 12% Black, 4% Asian, 4% Mixed ethnicity, and 1% Chinese or Other ethnicities. A decline in custody rate was observed in 2020, likely a result of the impact of COVID-19 restrictions on courts and the prioritisation of non-jury trials . However, the proportion of prosecutions for these offences varies by ethnicity, as illustrated in the figure below. The largest change in the proportion of staff was a 1.2 pp increase in the Asian ethnic group[footnote 93]. Drug offences accounted for 21% of all prosecutions and 22% of all convictions for all indictable offences in 2020. In 2020, 70% of defendants were from the White ethnic group, 17% Black ethnic group, 7% Asian ethnic group, 5% Mixed and 2% Chinese or Other. The most common sentence given for indictable offences across all ethnic groups was immediate custody, accounting for 35% of all offenders sentenced in 2020 (where ethnicity is known). This chapter explores police activity by ethnicity of persons stopped and searched and/or arrested. This proportion varied between 10% and 17% for all other ethnic groups in 2020/21. Similarly, Asian males accounted for a higher proportion of all male prosecutions and convictions at 7%, compared to Asian females, accounting for 2%, of all female prosecutions. The greatest difference was observed in the Asian ethnic group, where controlling for offence mix resulted in a 19% decrease in ACSL, from 28.6 to 23.1 months. Children from minority ethnic groups accounted for two thirds (66%) of arrests of children made in London in in 2020/21. Receipt of subsequent information which alters our understanding of previous periods (for example late recording on one of the administrative IT systems used operationally). Time spent at court increased in 2020 from previous years for all ethnic groups and offences, due to restrictions in response to COVID-19[footnote 47]. Between 2018 and 2021, the homicide rate for people of the black ethnic group was 50.5 homicides per million population in England and Wales, far higher than . The British Crime Survey found that most crimes go unreported and found that the risk of being a victim varies by ethnic group, whereby statistics showed that people from mixed ethnic backgrounds had a higher risk (36%) of becoming a victim of rime than blacks, Asians and whites faced. In 2020, of all males prosecuted for an indictable offence 75% were White, whilst for all females prosecuted 86% were White. Eight out of 10 black Britons and eight out of 10 Bangladeshi Britons fear "police are biased against people from my background and ethnic group", with 65% of all ethnic minorities agreeing. No causative links can be drawn from these summary statistics. In comparison to the period 2011/12 to 2013/14, homicides increased 25%, with a 4pp increase in the proportion of victims from the Black ethnic group, whilst the proportion of those from the White ethnic group decreased 6pp. Black suspects had the highest proportion of arrests that resulted from stop and search, accounting for 23% of total arrests, which has increased from 17% in 2016/17. The proportion of police officers from minority ethnic groups has increased from 6.3% to 7.6% between 2017 and 2021[footnote 95]. It will take only 2 minutes to fill in. Where young offenders received a custodial sentence, the proportion eligible for FSM increased across all ethnic groups. These proportions were similar to those of the ethnic breakdown of the prison population. , See Appendix I for further details of how detailed ethnicity categorisations are aggregated. The latest release is ' Statistics on Race and the Criminal Justice System 2020 '. This method accounted for 69% of homicides with Black victims, but only 35% of those with White victims. Tue 30 Jun 2020 19.01 EDT Last modified on Wed 1 Jul 2020 12.15 EDT. Asian and Chinese or Other[footnote 65] offenders had a higher proportion of first-time offenders at 23% and 35% respectively, compared to White and Black offenders at 16% and 14% respectively[footnote 66]. Single Parent Families are more common among African-Caribbean Families, which may be related to higher rates of crime In 2007 Almost half the black children in Britain were being raised by single parents. There was a decrease in the proportion of stop and searches conducted on Black individuals in London, from 36% in 2016/17 to 32% in 2020/21. This is an increase of 5 pp since 2019; a difference likely due to the prioritisation of non-jury trials as a result of COVID-19 restrictions . Convictions across indictable offence groups varied between ethnic groups in 2020, with drug offences accounting for the highest proportion of offenders within each ethnic group except for White offenders, where the highest proportion of convictions was for theft offences. In contrast, 85% of prisoners aged 50 or over were White. The highest proportion of offender with SEN with statement was highest for the White ethnic group (18%) and the highest proportion of offenders with SEN without statement was highest for the Other ethnic group (68%)[footnote 76]. However, as in previous reports, in order to present as full a picture as possible we have also included some statistics that do not have this badging where National Statistics are not held on important or new topics. This section focuses on the following high-volume indictable drug offences: The ethnic profile of practitioners in the Criminal Justice System (CJS) has become slightly more diverse over the last 5 years. These proportions have remained broadly consistent across the last 5 years. The ethnicity classification used in each section is referenced throughout. The latest data available during the compilation of this report have been included. This has been avoided where possible in order to provide the most recent data. Where there are multiple suspects if any conviction information is available the suspect with the longest sentence or most severe conviction is determined to be the principal suspect. In 2020, Black males accounted for 12% of all male prosecutions and 11% of all male convictions, compared to Black females, accounting for 7% of all female prosecutions and 7% of all female convictions. Five-year trends have been presented wherever possible. 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