Formella told the gathering, including numerous municipal leaders and city department heads, that several incidents the Nationalist Social Club has been behind throughout the state are under review by the state. Reawakening America LLC in Partnership with the National Association of Chiefs of Police By Vincent J. Bove This special tribute is in honor of Americas armed forces. Click here to download Advertising Information. Unequivocally the [] Read More, The National Law Enforcement Museum (nleomf.org/museum), in the heart of Washington, D.C., provides a place where citizens and law enforcement professionals from diverse perspectives and backgrounds can share in the [] Read More, National Police Week (NPW) is held each year in Washington, D.C., during the week that surrounds May 15. In the near term, Formella said, his office will look to get a temporary restraining order against the group. journals.sagepub.c.. Reawakening America LLC in Partnership with the National Association of Chiefs of Police By Vincent J. Bove This special tribute is in honor of Americas armed forces. Harun-or-Rashid is a Bangladeshi police officer and CEO of Detective Branch (DB) of Dhaka Metropolitan Police (DMP). Oklahoma law enforcement teach children self-defense tactics to build Colorado police department establishes safety zones for internet TikTok videos inspire robbery of USPS mail carrier in Massachusetts. Your email address will not be published. The dichotomy of the defund movement: reality setting in, Defining and solving accumulated police stress, Finding critical evidence in old child molestation cases, Honoring the story of American law enforcement in the nations capital, C.O.P.S. He says he never doubted that not only would he recover, but also would someday go back to work. Copyright 2018-2020 The Savannah Tribune. The guys have a dangerous job and traditionally they haven't been given the tools and the training they need to protect themselves and their friends, their partners, when they get hurt, says Chief Gunthers three sons Caleb, Aiden and Lucus took part in the pinning ceremony. Firearms-related fatalities have claimed the lives of 64 officers in 2022, which mirrors the number of firearms-related fatalities in 2021. The Madison, WI, Police and Fire Commission voted Monday to stop requiring credit checks of prospective police officers. My son was a good man," she said. "If you can manage your own internal stress level and overall mental health experience, then you're more likely to be able to stick in this career long term because you're just going to have enough bandwidth to keep going, Dr. Jennifer Prohaska explains. Join The IACP's Trust Building Campaign Today. Both years represent a 21% increase in firearms-related deaths when compared to the average of 53 firearms-related fatalities from 2010-2020. Let the actions taken today, and the strong show of force in this city and with the attorney general's office, send a clear reminder to anyone in New Hampshire who threatens the civil rights of another person in this community, in our community: Your actions will not be tolerated. [10], Harun-or-Rashid claimed Detective Branch unit of Narayanganj District arrested the wife and minor son of Showkat Aziz Russell, son of the founder of Partex Group M. A. Hashem, allegedly recovered drugs, bullets, and liquor from their car in Narayanganj on 2 November 2019. NACOP Gift Program A Fun Surprise Dear NACOP, Hello, thank you so much for my presents! [15], Harun-or-Rashid was appointed Deputy Commissioner of Dhaka Metropolitan Police on 3 November 2019. Prior to the incident in Portsmouth last summer, members of NSC-131 stood outside the Kittery Trading Post on Route 1 in Maine with a sign stating the same message promoting white supremacy. No definitive word on if the availability issue is due to, Tourismto the Space Coast of Florida was very strong during the first quarter of 2022 with museum attendance well ahead of pre-COVID numbers! [4], On 9 December 2012, Harun-or-Rashid was present at the Murder of Biswajit Das but did not intervene. Will city ban it? The complaints were filed in Rockingham County Superior Court on Tuesday, he said. Slain Small-Town PA Police Chief Mourned by Community Justin McIntire, 46, had served as chief of the small Allegheny County town for four years. Our Mission We continually witness accelerating violence, apathy, distrust, cynicism and callousness throughout society. . Prosecutors alleged on Wednesday that many of Putris statements were fallacious and that there was no convincing evidence of sexual assault, pointing instead to a possible affair between Putri and Yosua, as a polygraph test had suggested that Putri had lied when she denied the affair. Visionary, Thecourse titled Pistolcraft for the Tactical Operator is a short four-to-six-hour (depending on the number of people in attendance) firearms training segment presented at the annual SWAT academy hosted by the South Suburban Emergency Response Team, It seems that good quality firearms are still hard to get. To close out our annual conference, please enjoy these photos and tweets: Day 4 Top Tweets Day, Shaping the Future of the Policing Profession. Some of the latest shootings have sparked much more deliberation than, Department of Health and Human ServicesNational Institutes of HealthOffice of Research Services The National Institutes of Health (NIH) in Bethesda, Maryland, the worlds largest medical research facility, is seeking applications from exceptional candidates for a Supervisory, Reawakening America LLC in Partnership with the National Association of Chiefs of Police By Vincent J. Bove Recently, I read a book titled How to Deal with Toxic People. It was a glaring reminder that understanding, On Thursday, June 16, 2022, I was privileged to address 75 police chiefs and associate members of the Bergen County Police Chiefs Association (BCPCA) in Haworth, N.J. My remarks were titled, Echoes of Columbine: School Violence, Americas culture of violence is continually manifested through horrific active shooter tragedies. Free shipping . A Fort Worth police officer has been fired after an administrative investigation into his use of force during an incident on July 22, 2022 . He was sworn in Tuesday, January 10, 2023 at the Savannah Cultural Arts Center. We have press conferences when we have officer-involved shootings,. These initiatives have addressed issues, including ethical policing, Copyright 2023 National Association of Chiefs of Police, Lt. Michael Gargan, Lower Gwynedd Police, PA, Detective Dr. Beth J Sanborn, Lower Gwynedd Police, PA, Americas Armed Forces: A Special Tribute, School Violence: Toxic Personalities, Warning Signs, Countermeasures, Echoes Of Columbine: School Violence Awareness And Prevention, Americas Active Shooter Crisis Demands Visionary Leadership, Safeguarding Americas Protectors: A Community Responsibility. However, as the [] Read More, To be effective, law enforcement in America requires chiefs of police and sheriffs to lead local organizations to protect the citizens of their respective communities and counties. Our vision is to create an environment where everyone matters. She came here with a vision of making "Raleigh the safest city in America." The challenges to their profession are daunting. Whether it's a radio, whether it's a firearm, whether it's a vehicle, there is a need to drive accountability over that piece of equipment, says Craig Newell, vice president of sales and development at Traka. The first competitor is a judo champion and coming off, Oh, say can you see American police officers standing tall What so proudly we haild Saving those from oppression, violence and crime through the perilous fight so gallantly Forsaking their own safety to bravely protect, Ihave a problem I have a thriving School Resource Officer (SRO) program. Thursday, December 15, 2022 Adair Chief of Police Charged with Getting Machine Guns Through False Statements to the ATF DES MOINES, IA - A federal grand jury in Des Moines returned an indictment on December 14, 2022, charging Adair Chief of Police Bradley Wendt with unlawfully obtaining and possessing machine guns. Vincent Bove October 27, 2022 On Thursday, June 16, 2022, I was privileged to address 75 police chiefs and associate members of the Bergen County Police Chiefs Association (BCPCA) in Haworth, N.J. My remarks were titled, "Echoes of Columbine: School Violence America's Active Shooter Crisis Demands Visionary Leadership Vincent Bove October 27, 2022 Buy the latest merchandisethrough the online marketplace. The Association members receive, Accredited Chief/Command Executive Certification, Law Enforcement OPRA and Records Management for Supervisors, Officers, and Clerks, Pre-Employment Background Investigations for NJ Police Departments, Budgeting & Financial Administration for the Police Executive, Contemporary Issues in Police Administration, Annual Training Conference - Police/Security Expo, NJDHTS Law Enforcement Liaison & Region Supervisors, Division of Highway Traffic Safety Grants, NJDHTS Enforcement Mobilizations & Traffic Safety Marketing "PEAK" Media Kits, The New Jersey Police Traffic Officers' Association, The New Jersey & National Law Enforcement Challenge Competition, NJ Impaired Driving Summit & The Impact of Recreational Marijuana Legalization. To serve as a trusted voice of the nations law enforcement community, providing informative, entertaining and inspiring content on interesting and engaging topics affecting peace officers today. The complaint seeks $10,000 in fines against Hood and a $5,000 fine against Collinan. [9] Bangladesh Nationalist Party used the expression "Out of the frying pan into the fire" to describe the situation following the transfer. Although certain July 2022 - American Police Beat Magazine Skip to primary navigation Skip to main content Skip to primary sidebar Skip to footer Home About The Magazine Events Partners Products Advertise Contact Jobs and Careers Facebook Twitter Instagram Subscribe to the Magazine American Police Beat Magazine Law Enforcement Publication Home Editor's Picks Ohio police officer goes the extra mile to feed and clothe homeless Ohio officer uses quick reflexes to dodge truck that lost control on Maryland police officer uses screwdrivers as oars to pull herself Ohio police officers rescue elderly couple from house fire on Indiana police department offering $10,000 signing bonus to lateral The game has clearly changed: Police departments employ variety Kansas City offers $5,000 signing bonuses to 9-1-1 dispatchers to Rikers Island corrections officers work over 100 hours weekly as Fargo releases results of stay interviews geared at improving It is a game changer: Minnesota county implements mobile Ohio police lay a trap to nab porch pirates. Posted on November 1, 2022 Full size 825 450. As law enforcement professionals, we are held accountable for our actions, and I am aware that the action of one officer can impact the trust between the police force and our community. Challenges facing police agencies and departments are numerous. Police Chief Magazine; Make a Payment; Languages/Accessibility. Raleigh Police Chief Estella Patterson discusses the challenges and achievements of her first year at the helm. Chief Gunther had served as interim Police Chief since July 29, 2022. [6][7] Harun-or-Rashid provided an address in the United States where he demanded the money be sent. July 2022 - Police Chief Magazine July 2022 July 2022 VIOLENT EXTREMISM GUEST EDITOR John Perren Over the past several years, violent crime perpetrated by white supremacists, the militia movement, anti-government actors, and a variety of other domestic extremists has surged. Former National Police internal affairs chief Ferdy Sambo (left) and his wife, Putri Chandrawathi. [6][11] His account did not held up at CCTV footage from the residence of Showkat Aziz Russell in Gulshan, Dhaka showed his family members being detained at his residence without informing the Gulshan Police Station per the law. That relationship is earned by the hard-working people, who show up every day and embody our mission and vision. The Police Journal: Theory, Practice and Principles is a peer-reviewed journal that publishes original research studies, conceptual articles, theoretical overviews or reviews, and articles on good practice or practice evaluation, to reflect the constantly changing landscape in which police personnel around the World operate. The Anti-Defamation League says the group espouses racism, antisemitism and intolerance online, and through graffiti and other propaganda. Updated: 11/01/2022 02:02 PM EDT. Nofriansyah Yosua Hutabarat in July 2022. The Department of Justice has leads on the identities of the other men on the bridge that evening, though they have yet to be identified, according to Formella. A combination of an autolocking ejection port lock and an intuitive self-activated hood system, makes this one of the fastest level three holsters available on the market today, according to Comp-Tac. The main events bring out anywhere from 5,000 to 30,000 people from [] Read More, Located between the Arno and Serchio rivers in Tuscany, central Italy, is a white marble bell tower. Your email address will not be published. Home; About OACP. Each violation of the Civil Rights Act allows for a maximum civil penalty of $5,000, according to Formella. America must eternally honor all who protect us through, The debate over gun control never really stays dormant for too long; all that is needed for it to erupt is yet another mass shooting. Police Chief Magazine | Columns | Exposition | Exposition: July 2022 Exposition: July 2022 Stay up to date on new products and advances in technology to ensure your officers are equipped with the tools they need. The Commission said the measure was being taken in a step to increase diversity in the department. We conducted a national search and considered a group of impressive police executives who all brought unique qualifications to the table, but one candidate stood out as the right chief at the right time for Savannah. It's critical to ensuring that New Hampshire remains a place where people of all backgrounds feel that New Hampshire is a place where they can build the life they want to build for their families, and build the life that they want to build for their children and future generations, Formella said. Harun-or-Rashid is from Kishoreganj District.. Career. [8] Journalists in Gazipur District reported being harassed by personnel of Detective Branch for reporting on extortion activities of Harun-or-Rashid. The civil actions will not result in jail time for either Hood or Collinan, Formella said. Early life. [1], Harun-or-Rashid is from Kishoreganj District. Residents and visitors flocking to Madison for the Fourth of July will see extra police officers on patrol as the city deals with an uptick in gun-related crime, Police Chief Shon Barnes said . In July 2022, residents told Seacoastonline they were shocked to find flyers purported to be from a neo-Nazi group on their lawns. Skip to main content. Violence is a reality of American life. The long-awaited match is about to begin between two Brazilian jiu-jitsu competitors. Just click on the icons to get to the download page. We must work hard to foster a healthy relationship with the community and work even harder to maintain that relationship. The school district. Board Members; Board Service History; Committees; History and Mission; Bylaws At the same time, foreign terrorist movements continue to inspire support. As the Chief of Police, I take these two statements to heart. Its members "see themselves as soldiers at war with a hostile, Jewish-controlled system that is deliberately plotting the extinction of the white race.. Chief Gunther has also earned the trust of our community, which is critical to the success of any police chief.. My school resource officer is visible and social. PORTSMOUTH The leader of a neo-Nazi group has been charged with violating the states Civil Rights Act after an incident last summer, when a racist banner reading "Keep New England White" was hung over Route 1. [8][6] The transfer order was signed by Dhananjay Kumar Das, the Deputy Secretary at the Ministry of Home Affairs. Leave a Reply Cancel reply. Twitter; Facebook; Blogger; Youtube; Navigation toggle. VTG Time Magazine July 19, 1968 Los Angeles Chief Reddin The Police & The Ghetto. Violence is a reality of American life. 2023 POLICE Magazine. Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus Columbus police chief and sheriff sparred over jail operations before July standoff, emails show August 25, 2022 10:43 AM By: Tim Chitwood Police body camera recordings show interactions between Columbus police officers and Muscogee County Sheriff's deputies during a conflict over booking prisoners at the jail in July 2022. Read More. By Savannah Tribune | on January 18, 2023. Portsmouth Police Chief Mark Newport said the city has earned the reputation as a safe, inclusive community that welcomes all who wish to visit, study and live. He is known for his controversial actions. Nov 2022 Banner_Experiences. DMCA NoticesNewspaper web site content management software and services. He reportedly was running after the suspect when he was shot in the head. "We conducted a national search and . By clicking the submit button below, you are agreeing with Bobit Business Medias Privacy Policy and this outlined level of consent. The New Jersey Police Chief, the official magazine of The New Jersey State Association of Chiefs of Chiefs of Police, is published ten times during the year to serve the police leadership in New Jersey.The Association members receive The New Jersey Police Chiefs as a benefit of membership.The New Jersey Police Chief is published by the New Jersey State Association of Chiefs of Police, One . We have been focused on enhancing the visitor experience at the Hall of, Bass Reeves (July 1838-January 1910) was the first black Deputy U.S. . Formella announced the civil charges Tuesday at Portsmouth City Hall in a joint press conference with the Portsmouth Police Department. Complexion MEDIUM. Although certain, Thank you for attending the IACP 2022 conference! Thechallenges of policing in America are at a critical crossroads, and a transformative commitment to the profession is necessary. News PA Chief Ambushed and Killed During Foot Pursuit Also charged was Leo Collinan, another group member hailing from Manchester. [12] Showkat Aziz Russell secured bail from the Bangladesh High Court on 4 November 2019 and alleged Harun-or-Rashid tried to extort money from him. Charge Releases 11th DIstrict, Area Four. It is a secondary emotion, meaning that in order to feel anger, [] Read More, I began writing this article the day before the tragedy at Robb Elementary School in Uvalde, Texas. "Judge Cara Hutson, my family is devastated. President's Message; Executive Leadership; Board of Directors. The CT3 level III holster is designed to help the wearer achieve a master grip before drawing their weapon. Prices havent gone up much in the last year, but availability is the issue. The first competitor is a judo champion and coming off, Oh, say can you see American police officers standing tall What so proudly we haild Saving those from oppression, violence and crime through the perilous fight so gallantly Forsaking their own safety to bravely protect, Ihave a problem I have a thriving School Resource Officer (SRO) program. [6] M. A. Hashem claimed Harun-or-Rashid tried to extort 80 million taka from his son Showkat Aziz Russell and filed cases over drugs because of his refusal to pay. Bookmarked content can then be accessed anytime on all of your logged in devices! Town leaders also responded in multiple communities. B. M. Ashraf Uddin, member of parliament, filed attempted murder case of Zainul Abedin Farroque against 25 police officers including Harun-or-Rashid and ASP Biplob Kumar Sarker. The 2023 Shooting, Hunting, and Outdoor Trade (SHOT) Show opened in Las Vegas today with tens of thousands of square feet of law enforcement booths. Capitol Police Chief Tom Manger on Tuesday issued a rare public call for more resources to protect lawmakers following the assault of Paul Pelosi. The New York State Association of Chiefs of Police New Chiefs Training in Niagara Falls, NY March 20th through 24th, 2023 Niagara Falls Air Force Base Niagara County, NY Designed for the new Chief or Command Officer that aspires to be a Chief. Contact FAQ APD Swag . Sheriffs are elected, [] Read More, Christopher Bracks put his life on the line as a United States Marine in Kosovo and Iraq. June 1, 2012 CopBlock 2666 Views boston police commissioner, brian d fitch, consent, cop block, copblock.org, david williams, daytona beach police department, edward davis, Florida, joseph g will, law offices of howard friedman, police chief magazine, testilying, understanding the psychology of police misconduct, volusia county The Seacoast Repertory Theatre of Portsmouth was targeted in person by the same group over its drag queen story hour in late 2021. "My family and Isaiah's brothers and sisters and his community demand your resignation.". At the South Jakarta District Court on Wednesday, prosecutors contended that Ferdys wife Putri Chandrawathi had helped plan and set in motion the murder of Ferdys aide-de-camp. [2], Harun-or-Rashid, Deputy Commissioner of Lalbagh Division of Dhaka Metropolitan Police, assaulted Zainul Abedin Farroque, Bangladesh Nationalist Party's member of parliament and Chief Opposition Whip, during an anti-government protest. [17] He was promoted to deputy inspector general on 13 May 2022 just after 1 year of being promoted to Additional DIG. The theater received a surge of donations and a rally of community support pushing back against the hate group was held in January 2022. Our Hometown Harun-or-Rashid is a Bangladeshi police officer and CEO of Detective Branch (DB) of Dhaka Metropolitan Police (DMP). They were originally used by SWAT teams [] Read More, There is a psychological compulsion that drives child molesters to relive their sexual fantasies with their victims. Aug. 12, 2022, marked Chief Estella D. Patterson's one-year anniversary as Raleigh's 30th police chief. [18] He was appointed chief of the Detective Branch of DMP on 13 July 2022 from additional commissioner of the Detective Branch. A record number of law enforcement officers (458) were killed in the line of duty in 2021, with many losing their lives to, Its3 p.m. in Virginia Beach, Va., at the North American Grappling Association (NAGA) Tournament. All Rights Reserved. Home > Communications Division > News > Charge Releases > Juvenile Charged with Aggravated Battery in July 2022 Double Shooting. Chief Gunther is a proven leader who is committed to installing proven policing strategies, technology, and practices to SPD, said City Manager Melder. Companies, schools, campuses, houses of worship, communities and public gatherings throughout the nation are potential targets. Your California Privacy Rights / Privacy Policy. I know, it doesnt sound like a problem, but hear me out. San Bernardino County Sheriffs Sergeant Mark Addy had his leg amputated after an off-duty traffic collision in 2021. The attorney general stated that on July 30, 2022, Portsmouth police received reports of people hanging racist signs from an overpass on Stark Street, which overlooks Route 1. Current Issue; Bonus Online Articles; Archive; Buyers' Guide; About Police Chief; . The value of data: Wellness through the eyes of officers. Our mission is to protect and serve our community in the most professional and compassionate manner possible. Time Magazine (July 19, 1968) (The Police and the Ghetto, LA Chief Reddin) $11.92 . Police found about 10 men on the overpass wearing hats, sunglasses and face coverings emblazoned with NSC-131." SHOT Show 2023: What Caught Our Eyes on Day 1, El Paso Chief Dies After 15 Years Leading Department, Officer Shortage Has LAPD Asking Retirees to Come Back, SHOT Show 2023: Bullpups, 1911s, and More at Industry Day at the Range, High Speed Gear Acquires BlackPoint Tactical and Crucial Concealment, Developing Decision-Making in Police Training: The Bad, the Good, and the "Sexy", Coming Soon: 2023 Ford Full-Line Police Vehicle Brochure, CA Deputy Killed Answering Child Custody Dispute Call, IL Governor Threatens Sheriffs Who Wont Enforce Assault Weapon Ban, Special Report: Fleet Management Solutions, Special Report: Traffic Safety and Enforcement, Special Report: Critical Incident Response, Special Report: Upfitting & Fleet Management, Fewer Covid-19 Fatalities Led to 61% Drop in Duty Deaths During 2022, Firearms Deaths Remain High, WI Agency Ends Credit Checks for Recruits, Factors to Consider Before Using Force to Effect an Arrest, 5 Things to Know Before Buying Intelligent Weapons Lockers, 10 Tips for Starting a Tactical Medicine Program, Small California Departments Deal with Increased Fuel Costs, Keep Patrols Rolling, Coffee Break with Police Experts: Improving Dry-Fire Training, Mother of Murdered CA Deputy Wants Judge to Resign Over Releasing Shooter Months Ago, 10 Tips for Better Managing Officer Stress, Comp-Tac Offers First Level III Duty Holster for Glock 48, 3 More Not-So-Obvious Areas of Focus for Police Trainers in 2023, CA Sheriffs Sergeant Returns to Duty After Losing Leg, My Technology Can Perform Searches of Devices in Minutes, Reconciling the Duality of Defunding the Police and Demanding Higher Standards, Building Real-life Shooting Speed and Accuracy. [3], In February 2013, Harun-or-Rashid was awarded a medal by Bangladesh Police which The Daily Star described sarcastically as an award for beating up an opposition member of parliament. Contact us: info@apbweb.com |(800) 234-0056. Privacy Policy | Copyright 2023 APB Media, LLC | Website design, development and maintenance by. flyers purported to be from a neo-Nazi group on their lawns. If WILLIAMS is located, please contact Area One Detective Division, Special Victims Unit, at 312-747-8380 or 911. Read up on the latestprojects and programs. [2] He was briefly transferred following allegations by the Bangladesh Nationalist Party that he was supporting government candidates during local elections. The secure and easy all-access connection to your content. Both are critical in a gunfight. Gunther holds a Master of Arts in Business and Organizational Security Management from Webster University and is a graduate of the FBI National Academy. Register Now For The 2023 IACP Technology Conference. WILLIAMS, Yasmin was last seen in the vicinity of Harrison and Jefferson wearing unknown clothing. IACP awards were presented during the 2021-2022 IACP Governing Body term; therefore, titles are reflective of the IACP positions held by individuals at the time of presentation. "We believe . Read Issue. The group was reported to be active around New England last year with incidents reported in Boston by regional media outlets and activity in Rhode Island reported by the Providence Journal. Prosecutors have demanded that the wife and former bodyguard of ex-National Police internal affairs chief Ferdy Sambo be sentenced to eight and 12 years in prison, respectively, for their alleged . It's a worthwhile exercise to speak with officers, shift supervisors, academy instructors, and any other "stakeholder" in the organization to unearth and understand areas in which even the smallest most incremental improvement can be made through increased training. [8], On 2 May 2021, Harun-or-Rashid was promoted to additional deputy inspector general. The CDC notes a slight, Copyright 2023 National Association of Chiefs of Police, Lt. Michael Gargan, Lower Gwynedd Police, PA, Detective Dr. Beth J Sanborn, Lower Gwynedd Police, PA, Chuck Klein, Illustration: A. Levine, Cincinnati, OH, Americas Armed Forces: A Special Tribute, School Violence: Toxic Personalities, Warning Signs, Countermeasures, Echoes Of Columbine: School Violence Awareness And Prevention, Americas Active Shooter Crisis Demands Visionary Leadership, Safeguarding Americas Protectors: A Community Responsibility, PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS UNIQUE TO LAW ENFORCEMENT, Law Enforcements Covid Vaccine Controversy DemandsResolution. Current Issue. Remarks were also made by SPD Interim Assistant Chiefs, DeVonn Adams and Robert Gavin. Hood and Collinan have been identified, and the state continues to investigate the incident to identify the other individuals on the bridge, Formella said. but my former colleague John G. Perren deserves a congratulations on his guest editorship on Police Chief Magazine's July 2022 issue on .
How Much Is A 1 Dollar Bill Worth,
East Fishkill Police Detective,
Can I Use Tranexamic Acid With Retinol,
Articles P
